Carol Dweck

Carol Dweck (b. 1946)

Key Contribution / Core Idea

Developed Mindset Theory — distinction between fixed and growth mindsets.

Background / Context

American psychologist, active from the 1980s onward. Studied motivation, achievement, and how beliefs about intelligence affect learning.

Main Theories / Methods

• Fixed mindset: intelligence is static; effort is less valued.

• Growth mindset: intelligence can be developed; effort is praised.

• Teachers can encourage growth via feedback and praise strategies.

Relevance to Modern KS3/4 Teaching

• Widely applied in motivation strategies, exam preparation, and resilience.

• Helps students embrace challenges in maths, science, and literacy.

• Supports formative assessment and feedback.

How Her Ideas Link to Others

• Complements Rosenshine and Wiliam: growth mindset encourages engagement with formative tasks.

• Resonates with Piaget, Bruner, and Montessori: learning develops over time.

Strengths and Appeal

• Practical, easy-to-communicate, motivational for students and teachers.

• Encourages risk-taking and perseverance.

Criticisms and Limitations

• Some replication studies show smaller effects than originally claimed.

• Mindset interventions are not a panacea; must be combined with strong instruction.

Legacy / Lasting Influence

• Widely cited in education globally; mindset language common in schools.

• Supports positive classroom culture and resilience initiatives.

Further Reading

• Dweck, Mindset: The New Psychology of Success (2006).